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<title>Roberts Loom</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roberts Loom</span></span>

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<p>The <b>Roberts loom</b> was a cast-iron <a href="Power_loom" title="Power loom">power loom</a> introduced by <a href="Richard_Roberts_(engineer)" title="Richard Roberts (engineer)">Richard Roberts</a> in 1830. It was the first loom that was more viable than a hand loom and was easily adjustable and reliable, which led to its widespread use in the Lancashire cotton industry.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Richard_Roberts">Richard Roberts</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Richard_Roberts_(engineer)" title="Richard Roberts (engineer)">Richard Roberts (engineer)</a></div>

<p>Roberts was born at <a href="Llanymynech" title="Llanymynech">Llanymynech</a>, on the border between <a href="England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. He was the son of William Roberts, a shoemaker, who also kept the New Bridge tollgate. Roberts was educated by the parish priest, and early found employment with a boatman on the <a href="Ellesmere_Canal" title="Ellesmere Canal">Ellesmere Canal</a> and later at the local limestone quarries. He received some instruction in drawing from Robert Bough, a road surveyor, who was working under <a href="Thomas_Telford" title="Thomas Telford">Thomas Telford</a>.

</p><p>He was responsible for developing ever more precise <a href="Machine_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine tools">machine tools</a>, working eventually from 15 Deansgate, <a href="Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>. Here he worked on improving textile machinery. He patented the cast-iron loom in 1822 and in 1830 patented the <a href="Spinning_mule" title="Spinning mule">self-acting mule</a> thus revolutionising the production of both the <a href="Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">spinning</a> and <a href="Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a> industries.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_weaving_process">The weaving process</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Power_loom" title="Power loom">Power loom</a></div>

<p>The major components of the loom are the warp beam, heddles, harnesses, shuttle, reed and takeup roll. In the loom, yarn processing includes shedding, picking, battening and taking-up operations.

</p>

<p>The Roberts loom of 1830 incorporated ideas embodied in an 1822 patent.

</p><p>The frame of the loom was cast iron. There were two side frames cast as single pieces. The three cross tails were machined for an accurate assembly. The great arched rail at the top supports the healds. The front and back cross rails bifurcate at each side to give a larger binding surface.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The warp passes from the warp beam, passes over a friction guide roller, where it horizontally passes through the loom to a breastbeam. Here it turns vertically to the cloth beam. Even tension is essential as any variation will lead to broken threads. As the warp beam empties its effective diameter changes making the warp slacker- tension is maintained by adding a wooden pulley to the beam, around which are two turns of rope that are attached to mill weights- thus retarding the beam through friction. The cloth beam bears a toothed wheel which works a pinion. A ratchet wheel is attached with a click level to take up the slack in the cloth. This was Roberts invention.

</p><p>The heddles are of standard construction. They are arranged in groups of four, obviously even threads and odd must go up and down alternatively but two <a href="Heddle" title="Heddle">heddles</a> are used for the evens and two for the odds so adjacent threads do not rub. The lower end of the heddle leaves is attached to treadles or marches. These are depressed by cam referred to as eccentrics..

</p><p>The loom is powered by a leather steam-belt which drives the driving shaft. Here there is a flywheel to smooth the motion and a crank mechanism to drive the battens (swords) and a toothed wheel. This engages a second shaft known as the tappet shaft or wiper shaft whose job is to lower the treadles and throw the shuttle. This turns half the speed of the driving shaft, so its toothed wheel is twice the size.

</p><p>The shuttle is thrown by two levers attached to the side frame, but activated by a friction roller on the tappet shaft. As the shuttle enters the shuttle-box at the end of its travel, it depresses a lever which acts as a brake. If this lever is not depressed then the loom is stopped.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics">Economics</h2></div>

<p>The Roberts was made at a time when the power loom industry was set to expand. Until this moment, hand looms were more common than power looms. The reliable Roberts loom was quickly adopted and again it was the spinning side that was short of capacity. Roberts then addressed this, with the construction of a self-acting (automatic) spinning mule. Essentially, textile production was no longer a skilled craft but an industrial process that could be manned by semi-skilled labour. Mule spinning became the man's occupation, and weaving a girl's occupation.

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<caption>Number of Looms in UK<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<th>Year

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<td>1833

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<th>Looms

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<td>100,000

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarsden1895">Marsden 1895</a>, p. 79</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarsden1895">Marsden 1895</a>, pp. 78–88</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHills1993">Hills 1993</a>, p. 117</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFHills1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Richard_L._Hills" title="Richard L. Hills">Hills, Richard Leslie</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t6TLOQBhd0YC"><i>Power from Steam: A History of the Stationary Steam Engine</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-521-45834-4</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMarsden1895" class="citation book cs1">Marsden, Richard (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/books.html"><i>Cotton Weaving: Its Development, Principles, and Practice</i></a>. George Bell & Sons<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMass1990" class="citation journal cs1">Mass, William (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebhc.org/sites/default/files/beh/BEHprint/v019/p0234-p0244.pdf">"The Decline of a Technology Leader: Capability, Strategy, and Shuttleless Weaving, 1945-1974"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Business and Economic History</i>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-7349">1941-7349</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091216201148/http://dlib.cwmars.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fhopedale&CISOPTR=551&REC=3">Selected Cotton Chats- Draper Corporation 1901- 1923</a> (Last checked 3 October 2012)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Weaving97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Basketweave_(weaving)" title="Basketweave (weaving)">Basketweave</a></li>

<li><a href="Charvet_(fabric)" title="Charvet (fabric)">Charvet</a></li>

<li><a href="Woven_coverlet" title="Woven coverlet">Coverlet</a></li>

<li><a href="Dobby_(cloth)" title="Dobby (cloth)">Dobby</a></li>

<li><a href="Double_cloth" title="Double cloth">Double weave</a></li>

<li><a href="Even-weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-weave">Even-weave</a></li>

<li><a href="Gabardine" title="Gabardine">Gabardine</a></li>

<li><a href="Lampas" title="Lampas">Lampas</a></li>

<li><a href="Leno_weave" title="Leno weave">Leno weave</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxford_(cloth)" title="Oxford (cloth)">Oxford</a></li>

<li><a href="Pile_weave" title="Pile weave">Pile weave</a></li>

<li><a href="Piqu%C3%A9_(weaving)" title="Piqué (weaving)">Piqué</a></li>

<li><a href="Plain_weave" title="Plain weave">Plain weave</a></li>

<li><a href="Satin" title="Satin">Satin</a></li>

<li><a href="Swivel_weave" title="Swivel weave">Swivel</a></li>

<li><a href="Twill" title="Twill">Twill</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Textile" title="Textile">Textiles</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools and techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Band_weaving" title="Band weaving">Band weaving</a></li>

<li><a href="Barber-Colman_knotter" title="Barber-Colman knotter">Barber-Colman knotter</a></li>

<li><a href="Beamer_(occupation)" title="Beamer (occupation)">Beamer</a></li>

<li><a href="Braid" title="Braid">Braid</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilkat_weaving" title="Chilkat weaving">Chilkat weaving</a></li>

<li><a href="Fingerweaving" title="Fingerweaving">Fingerweaving</a></li>

<li><a href="Flying_shuttle" title="Flying shuttle">Flying shuttle</a></li>

<li><a href="Heddle" title="Heddle">Heddle</a></li>

<li><a href="Kasuri" title="Kasuri">Kasuri</a></li>

<li><a href="Navajo_weaving" title="Navajo weaving">Navajo weaving</a></li>

<li><a href="Pibiones" title="Pibiones">Pibiones</a></li>

<li><a href="Salish_weaving" title="Salish weaving">Salish weaving</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_(weaving)" title="Shuttle (weaving)">Shuttle</a></li>

<li><a href="Sizing" title="Sizing">Sizing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Textile_sizing_machine" title="Textile sizing machine">Sizing machine</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">Tablet weaving</a></li>

<li><a href="Talim_(textiles)" title="Talim (textiles)">Talim</a></li>

<li><a href="T%C4%81niko" title="Tāniko">Tāniko</a></li>

<li><a href="Tapestry" title="Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li>

<li><a href="Temple_(weaving)" title="Temple (weaving)">Temple</a></li>

<li><a href="Wattle_(construction)" title="Wattle (construction)">Wattle</a></li>

<li><a href="Wicker" title="Wicker">Wicker</a>

<ul><li><a href="Resin_wicker" title="Resin wicker">Resin</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="Loom" title="Loom">looms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">Dandy loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Dobby_loom" title="Dobby loom">Dobby loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Hattersley_loom" title="Hattersley loom">Hattersley loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Horrocks_loom" title="Horrocks loom">Horrocks loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Jacquard_machine" title="Jacquard machine">Jacquard machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Lancashire_Loom" title="Lancashire Loom">Lancashire loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Northrop_Loom" title="Northrop Loom">Northrop loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Power_loom" title="Power loom">Power loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Rapier_loom" title="Rapier loom">Rapier loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">Warp-weighted loom</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weavers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acesas" title="Acesas">Acesas</a></li>

<li><a href="Anni_Albers" title="Anni Albers">Anni Albers</a></li>

<li><a href="Otti_Berger" title="Otti Berger">Otti Berger</a></li>

<li><a href="Micheline_Beauchemin" title="Micheline Beauchemin">Micheline Beauchemin</a></li>

<li><a href="Johanna_Brunsson" title="Johanna Brunsson">Johanna Brunsson</a></li>

<li><a href="Ada_Dietz" title="Ada Dietz">Ada Dietz</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Ferguson_%26_Co_Ltd" title="Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd">Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd</a></li>

<li><a href="Elisabeth_Forsell" title="Elisabeth Forsell">Elisabeth Forsell</a></li>

<li><a href="Dorothy_Liebes" title="Dorothy Liebes">Dorothy Liebes</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethel_Mairet" title="Ethel Mairet">Ethel Mairet</a></li>

<li><a href="Maria_Elisabet_%C3%96berg" title="Maria Elisabet Öberg">Maria Elisabet Öberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich">Lilly Reich</a></li>

<li><a href="Margaretha_Reichardt" title="Margaretha Reichardt">Margaretha Reichardt</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Rylands" title="John Rylands">John Rylands</a></li>

<li><a href="Brigitta_Scherzenfeldt" title="Brigitta Scherzenfeldt">Brigitta Scherzenfeldt</a></li>

<li><a href="Clara_Sherman" title="Clara Sherman">Clara Sherman</a></li>

<li><a href="Gunta_St%C3%B6lzl" title="Gunta Stölzl">Gunta Stölzl</a></li>

<li><a href="Judocus_de_Vos" title="Judocus de Vos">Judocus de Vos</a></li>

<li><a href="Margaretha_Zetterberg" title="Margaretha Zetterberg">Margaretha Zetterberg</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employment practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="More_looms" title="More looms">More looms</a></li>

<li><a href="Kissing_the_shuttle" title="Kissing the shuttle">Kissing the shuttle</a></li>

<li><a href="Piece-rate_list" title="Piece-rate list">Piece-rate list</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bancroft_Shed" title="Bancroft Shed">Bancroft Shed</a></li>

<li><a href="Queen_Street_Mill" title="Queen Street Mill">Queen Street Mill</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lancashire_cotton185" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Lancashire_cotton185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> <a href="Cotton_mill" title="Cotton mill">cotton</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="David_Bellhouse" title="David Bellhouse">David Bellhouse</a></li>

<li><a href="Bradshaw_Gass_%26_Hope" title="Bradshaw Gass & Hope">Bradshaw Gass & Hope</a></li>

<li><a href="Frederick_Whittaker_Dixon" title="Frederick Whittaker Dixon">F.W. Dixon & Son</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Potts_(architect)" title="Edward Potts (architect)">Edward Potts</a></li>

<li><a href="Stott" title="Stott">Stott</a></li>

<li><a href="Stott_and_Sons" title="Stott and Sons">Stott and Sons</a></li>

<li><a href="Philip_Sidney_Stott" title="Philip Sidney Stott">Sidney Stott (later Sir Philip)</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engine makers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Daniel_Adamson" title="Daniel Adamson">Daniel Adamson</a></li>

<li>Ashton Frost</li>

<li>Ashworth & Parker</li>

<li>Bateman & Sherratt</li>

<li><a href="Boulton_and_Watt" title="Boulton and Watt">Boulton & Watt</a></li>

<li><a href="Browett%2C_Lindley_%26_Co" title="Browett, Lindley & Co">Browett, Lindley & Co</a></li>

<li><a href="Buckley_%26_Taylor" title="Buckley & Taylor">Buckley & Taylor</a></li>

<li><a href="Carels_Fr%C3%A8res" title="Carels Frères">Carels Frères</a></li>

<li><a href="Clayton%2C_Goodfellow_%26_Co._Ltd" title="Clayton, Goodfellow & Co. Ltd">Clayton, Goodfellow & Co</a></li>

<li>Earnshaw & Holt</li>

<li><a href="William_Fairbairn_%26_Sons" title="William Fairbairn & Sons">Fairbairn</a></li>

<li><a href="W_%26_J_Galloway_%26_Sons" title="W & J Galloway & Sons">W & J Galloway & Sons</a></li>

<li>Benjamin Goodfellow</li>

<li><a href="B._Hick_and_Sons" title="B. Hick and Sons">B. Hick and Sons / Hick, Hargreaves & Co</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Musgrave_%26_Sons" title="John Musgrave & Sons">John Musgrave & Sons</a></li>

<li><a href="William_McNaught_(Rochdale)" title="William McNaught (Rochdale)">J & W McNaught</a></li>

<li><a href="Petrie_of_Rochdale" title="Petrie of Rochdale">Petrie of Rochdale</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Roberts_%26_Co_of_Nelson" title="William Roberts & Co of Nelson">William Roberts & Co of Nelson</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Saxon_%26_Co" title="George Saxon & Co">George Saxon</a></li>

<li><a href="Scott_%26_Hodgson_Ltd" title="Scott & Hodgson Ltd">Scott & Hodgson</a></li>

<li><a href="Urmson_%26_Thompson" title="Urmson & Thompson">Urmson & Thompson</a></li>

<li><a href="Yates_and_Thom" title="Yates and Thom">Yates & Thom / Yates of Blackburn</a></li>

<li><a href="Willans_%26_Robinson" title="Willans & Robinson">Willans & Robinson</a></li>

<li><a href="Woolstenhulmes_%26_Rye" title="Woolstenhulmes & Rye">Woolstenhulmes & Rye</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machinery makers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Brooks_%26_Doxey" title="Brooks & Doxey">Brooks & Doxey</a></li>

<li><a href="Butterworth_%26_Dickinson" title="Butterworth & Dickinson">Butterworth & Dickinson</a></li>

<li><a href="Matthew_Curtis_(mayor)" title="Matthew Curtis (mayor)">Curtis, Parr & Walton</a></li>

<li><a href="Dobson_%26_Barlow" title="Dobson & Barlow">Dobson & Barlow</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Hetherington_%26_Sons" title="John Hetherington & Sons">John Hetherington & Sons</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Hibbert_(manufacturer)" title="Joseph Hibbert (manufacturer)">Joseph Hibbert</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Pilling_and_Sons" title="John Pilling and Sons">John Pilling and Sons</a></li>

<li>Harling & Todd</li>

<li><a href="Howard_%26_Bullough" title="Howard & Bullough">Howard & Bullough</a></li>

<li><a href="Geo._Hattersley" title="Geo. Hattersley">Geo. Hattersley</a></li>

<li><a href="Mather_%26_Platt" title="Mather & Platt">Mather & Platt</a></li>

<li><a href="Matthew_Curtis_(mayor)" title="Matthew Curtis (mayor)">Parr, Curtis & Madely</a></li>

<li><a href="Northrop_Loom" title="Northrop Loom">British Northrop Loom Co</a></li>

<li>Pemberton & Co</li>

<li><a href="Platt_Brothers" title="Platt Brothers">Platt Brothers</a></li>

<li><a href="Taylor%2C_Lang_%26_Co" title="Taylor, Lang & Co">Taylor, Lang & Co</a></li>

<li><a href="Textile_Machinery_Makers_Ltd" title="Textile Machinery Makers Ltd">Textile Machinery Makers</a></li>

<li><a href="Tweedales_%26_Smalley" title="Tweedales & Smalley">Tweedales & Smalley</a></li>

<li><a href="T._Wildman_%26_Sons" title="T. Wildman & Sons">T. Wildman & Sons</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mill owners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Elkanah_Armitage" title="Elkanah Armitage">Elkanah Armitage</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_Ashworth_(nonconformist)" title="Henry Ashworth (nonconformist)">Henry Ashworth</a></li>

<li><a href="Hugh_Birley" title="Hugh Birley">Hugh Birley</a></li>

<li><a href="Hugh_Hornby_Birley" title="Hugh Hornby Birley">Hugh Hornby Birley</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Brotherton" title="Joseph Brotherton">Joseph Brotherton</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Burton_(millowner)" title="James Burton (millowner)">James Burton</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Drinkwater" title="Peter Drinkwater">Peter Drinkwater</a></li>

<li><a href="Nathaniel_Eckersley" title="Nathaniel Eckersley">Nathaniel Eckersley</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Fielden" title="John Fielden">John Fielden</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Gray_(Conservative_politician)" title="William Gray (Conservative politician)">William Gray</a></li>

<li><a href="Hannah_Greg" title="Hannah Greg">Hannah Greg</a></li>

<li><a href="Samuel_Greg" title="Samuel Greg">Samuel Greg</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Haworth_Ltd" title="Richard Haworth Ltd">Richard Howarth</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Houldsworth" title="William Houldsworth">William Houldsworth</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Kennedy_(manufacturer)" title="John Kennedy (manufacturer)">John Kennedy</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Augustus_Lee" title="George Augustus Lee">George Augustus Lee</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Macintosh" title="Charles Macintosh">Charles Macintosh</a></li>

<li><a href="Hugh_Mason" title="Hugh Mason">Hugh Mason</a></li>

<li><a href="Samuel_Oldknow" title="Samuel Oldknow">Samuel Oldknow</a></li>

<li><a href="Sir_Robert_Peel%2C_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet">Robert Peel</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Rylands" title="John Rylands">John Rylands</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Whitehead_and_Brothers" title="Thomas Whitehead and Brothers">Thomas Whitehead and Brothers</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limited companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Oldham_Limiteds" title="Oldham Limiteds">Oldham Limiteds</a></li>

<li><a href="Fine_Spinners_and_Doublers" title="Fine Spinners and Doublers">Fine Spinners and Doublers</a></li>

<li><a href="Lancashire_Cotton_Corporation" title="Lancashire Cotton Corporation">Lancashire Cotton Corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Bagley_%26_Wright" title="Bagley & Wright">Bagley & Wright</a></li>

<li><a href="Combined_Egyptian_Mills" title="Combined Egyptian Mills">Combined Egyptian Mills</a></li>

<li><a href="Courtaulds" title="Courtaulds">Courtaulds</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Burton_%26_Sons" title="James Burton & Sons">James Burton & Sons</a></li>

<li>Amalgamated Cotton Mills Trust</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">Textile manufacturing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cotton-spinning_machinery" title="Cotton-spinning machinery">Cotton-spinning machinery</a></li>

<li><a href="DREF_friction_spinning" title="DREF friction spinning">DREF friction spinning</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetic_ring_spinning" title="Magnetic ring spinning">Magnetic ring spinning</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-end_spinning" title="Open-end spinning">Open-end spinning</a></li>

<li><a href="Ring_spinning" title="Ring spinning">Ring spinning</a></li>

<li><a href="Spinning_frame" title="Spinning frame">Spinning frame</a></li>

<li><a href="Spinning_jenny" title="Spinning jenny">Spinning jenny</a></li>

<li><a href="Spinning_mule" title="Spinning mule">Spinning mule</a></li>

<li><a href="Carding" title="Carding">Carding</a></li>

<li><a href="Steaming_process_in_Lancashire_cotton_mills" title="Steaming process in Lancashire cotton mills">Steaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_frame" title="Water frame">Water frame</a></li>

<li><a href="Lancashire_Loom" title="Lancashire Loom">Lancashire Loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Northrop_Loom" title="Northrop Loom">Northrop Loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Rapier_loom" title="Rapier loom">Rapier loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">Dandy loom</a></li>

<li><a href="Lancashire_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancashire boiler">Lancashire boiler</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amalgamated_Association_of_Beamers%2C_Twisters_and_Drawers_(Hand_and_Machine)" title="Amalgamated Association of Beamers, Twisters and Drawers (Hand and Machine)">Amalgamated Association of Beamers, Twisters and Drawers (Hand and Machine)</a></li>

<li><a href="Amalgamated_Association_of_Operative_Cotton_Spinners" title="Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners">Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners</a></li>

<li><a href="Amalgamated_Textile_Warehousemen's_Association" title="Amalgamated Textile Warehousemen's Association">Amalgamated Textile Warehousemen's Association</a></li>

<li><a href="Amalgamated_Textile_Workers'_Union" title="Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union">Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Amalgamated_Weavers'_Association" title="Amalgamated Weavers' Association">Amalgamated Weavers' Association</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardroom_Amalgamation" title="Cardroom Amalgamation">Cardroom Amalgamation</a></li>

<li><a href="General_Union_of_Lancashire_and_Yorkshire_Warp_Dressers'_Association" title="General Union of Lancashire and Yorkshire Warp Dressers' Association">General Union of Lancashire and Yorkshire Warp Dressers' Association</a></li>

<li><a href="General_Union_of_Loom_Overlookers" title="General Union of Loom Overlookers">General Union of Loom Overlookers</a></li>

<li><a href="Lancashire_Amalgamated_Tape_Sizers'_Friendly_Society" title="Lancashire Amalgamated Tape Sizers' Friendly Society">Lancashire Amalgamated Tape Sizers' Friendly Society</a></li>

<li><a href="North_East_Lancashire_Amalgamated_Weavers'_Association" title="North East Lancashire Amalgamated Weavers' Association">North East Lancashire Amalgamated Weavers' Association</a></li>

<li><a href="Northern_Counties_Textile_Trades_Federation" title="Northern Counties Textile Trades Federation">Northern Counties Textile Trades Federation</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Textile_Institute" title="The Textile Institute">The Textile Institute</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Textile_Factory_Workers'_Association" title="United Textile Factory Workers' Association">United Textile Factory Workers' Association</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="More_looms" title="More looms">More looms</a></li>

<li><a href="Kissing_the_shuttle" title="Kissing the shuttle">Kissing the shuttle</a></li>

<li><a href="Mule_spinners'_cancer" title="Mule spinners' cancer">Mule spinners' cancer</a></li>

<li><a href="Piece-rate_list" title="Piece-rate list">Piece-rate list</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of mills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_mills_owned_by_the_Lancashire_Cotton_Corporation_Limited" title="List of mills owned by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited">LCC mills</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mills_in_Bolton" title="List of mills in Bolton">Bolton</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_textile_mills_in_Cheshire" title="List of textile mills in Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mills_in_Derbyshire" title="List of mills in Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mills_in_Lancashire" title="List of mills in Lancashire">Lancashire</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mills_in_Manchester" title="List of mills in Manchester">Manchester</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mills_in_the_Metropolitan_Borough_of_Oldham" title="List of mills in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham">Oldham (borough)</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mills_in_Preston" title="List of mills in Preston">Preston</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mills_in_Rochdale" title="List of mills in Rochdale">Rochdale</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mills_in_Salford" title="List of mills in Salford">Salford</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mills_in_Stockport" title="List of mills in Stockport">Stockport</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mills_in_Tameside" title="List of mills in Tameside">Tameside</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mills_in_Wigan" title="List of mills in Wigan">Wigan</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_cotton_mills_in_Yorkshire" title="List of cotton mills in Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bancroft_Shed" title="Bancroft Shed">Bancroft Shed</a></li>

<li><a href="Helmshore_Mills_Textile_Museum" title="Helmshore Mills Textile Museum">Helmshore Mills</a></li>

<li><a href="Queen_Street_Mill" title="Queen Street Mill">Queen Street Mill</a></li>

<li><a href="Weavers'_Triangle" title="Weavers' Triangle">Weavers' Triangle</a></li>

<li><a href="Quarry_Bank_Mill" title="Quarry Bank Mill">Quarry Bank Mill, Styal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright">Richard Arkwright</a></li>

<li><a href="Samuel_Crompton" title="Samuel Crompton">Samuel Crompton</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Foxcroft" title="Peter Foxcroft">Peter Foxcroft</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Hargreaves" title="James Hargreaves">James Hargreaves</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Highs" title="Thomas Highs">Thomas Highs</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Kay_(flying_shuttle)" title="John Kay (flying shuttle)">John Kay (flying shuttle)</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Kay_(spinning_frame)" title="John Kay (spinning frame)">John Kay (spinning frame)</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Robert Owen</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-25" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Roberts_Loom&oldid=1282316267">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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